Uncut Gems

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Uncut Gems is a 2019 American crime thriller film^[5] directed by Josh and Benny Safdie, who co-wrote the screenplay with Ronald Bronstein. The film stars Adam Sandler as Howard Ratner, a Jewish jeweler and gambling addict in New York City's Diamond District, who must retrieve an expensive gem he purchased to pay off his debts. The film also stars Kevin Garnett, Idina Menzel, Lakeith Stanfield, Julia Fox, and Eric Bogosian. Filming took place from September to November 2018. The original score was composed by Daniel Lopatin.

Uncut Gems
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Josh Safdie Benny Safdie
Produced by	Scott Rudin Eli Bush Sebastian Bear-McClard
Written by	Ronald Bronstein Josh Safdie Benny Safdie
Starring	Adam Sandler Julia Fox Idina Menzel Lakeith Stanfield Kevin Garnett
Music by	Daniel Lopatin
Cinematography	Darius Khondji
Edited by	Ronald Bronstein Benny Safdie
Production company	A24 Elara Pictures IAC Films Sikelia Productions
Distributed by	A24 (United States)[1] Netflix (International)[2]
Release date	August 30, 2019 (Telluride) December 13, 2019 (United States)
Running time	135 minutes[3]
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$19 million[4]
Box office	$50 million[4]

Uncut Gems had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2019. It entered into a limited release in the United States on December 13, 2019, before a wide release on December 25, by A24. The film received critical acclaim, especially for Sandler's performance. It was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2019, with Sandler also winning the Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead. It became A24's highest-grossing film domestically with $50 million.

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

 

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Moscow

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Italy, under the statue of goddess Roma, at Altare della Patria, Rome. Above it can be seen the equestrian statue of Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy, the first king of a unified Italy

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier refers to a monument dedicated to the services of an unknown soldier and to the common memories of all soldiers killed in war. Such tombs can be found in many nations and are usually high-profile national monuments. Throughout history, many soldiers have died in war with their remains being unidentified. Following World War I, a movement arose to commemorate these soldiers with a single tomb, containing the body of one such unidentified soldier.

HistoryEdit

France and the United KingdomEdit

During the First World War, the British and French armies who were allies during the war jointly decided to bury soldiers themselves. In the UK, under the Imperial War Graves Commission (now Commonwealth War Graves Commission), the Reverend David Railton had seen a grave marked by a rough cross while serving in the British Army as a chaplain on the Western Front, which bore the pencil-written legend "An Unknown British Soldier".^[1]

He suggested (together with the French in their own country) the creation at a national level of a symbolic funeral and burial of an "Unknown Warrior", proposing that the grave should in the UK include a national monument in the form of what is usually, but not in this particular case, a headstone. The idea received the support of the Dean of Westminster, Prime Minister David Lloyd George, and later from King George V, responding to a wave of public support.^[1] At the same time, a similar concern grew in France. In November 1916, a local officer of Le Souvenir français proposed the idea of burying "an unknown soldier" in the Panthéon. A formal bill was presented in Parliament in November 1918. The decision was voted into law on September 1919.^[2]

The United Kingdom and France conducted services connected with their 'monumental' graves (as presumably newly conceived, and in any case approved, by their respective armies) on Armistice Day 1920 (the burial itself taking place later in January of the following year in France). In the UK, the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior was created at Westminster Abbey, while in France La tombe du soldat inconnu was placed in the Arc de Triomphe.

Other countriesEdit

The idea of a symbolic Tomb of the Unknown Soldier then spread to other countries. In 1921, the United States unveiled its own Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Portugal its Túmulo do Soldado Desconhecido, and Italy its La tomba del Milite Ignoto. Other nations have followed the practice and created their own tombs.

In Chile and Ukraine, second 'unknown tombs' were unveiled to commemorate The Unknown Sailor.